Mechanically activated coal ash as refractory bauxite shotcrete microfiller: Thermal interactions mechanism investigation

A growing demand for refractory castables with advanced properties has given rise to a continuous technological evolution and highlighted the necessity for secondary raw materials reapplication even in refractory industry. For the experiment, refractory shotcretes with the same matrix composition were prepared from 30 wt% of high aluminate cement, 40 wt% of bauxite aggregate and 30 wt% of chamotte filler. The request for obtaining a low-cement castable is fulfilled by application of mechanically activated coal ash as microfiller in one of the bauxite shotcretes. The fly ash was activated by means of vibratory disc mill and ultra-centrifugal mill, and results were compared. The shotcrete samples were dried at 110 degrees C during 24 h to create specimens for investigation of mechanical and thermal properties. The properties have been studied at temperatures ranging from room temperature to adopted maximal temperature 1400 degrees C. At maximal 1400 degrees C, the bauxite shotcretes were mainly composed of anorthite, corundum, mullite and cristobalite. Mechanisms of hydration and sintering were investigated by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA) at three different heating rates. DTA measurements showed different activation energies for ordinary bauxite shotcrete and shotcrete with microfiller. The evolution of the refractory shotcretes properties was investigated and correlated with microstructural changes induced by temperature and microfiller addition. The combination of advantages in investigated refractory shotcretes makes them suitable for use in severe conditions at high temperature applications especially in refractory industries