In this paper, we expose the political senses of the proposals for cos-mopolitanism and decoloniality as they were respectively presented by Immanuel Kant, in the article Idea of a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View, and by Aníbal Quijano, in the article Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality. Based on the exposition of those senses, we focus, from the point of view of the pro-cess of equilibration of international relations, the issue of the interdependenceof those two proposals, that is: (1) the impossibility of thinking each proposal thoroughly without thinking together the other one; (2) the possibility of a positive coordination between the two proposals, allowing for each to contribute to the concretization...