Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: variation by socio-economic deprivation

Background: In England, there is a discrepancy between the prevalence of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ascertained from medical records and community surveys. There is also a lack of data on variation in recorded prevalence by deprivation and geographical region; information that is important for service development and commissioning. Methods: Cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink comprising 5,196 children and young people aged 3-17 years with ADHD and 490,016 without, in 2012. Results: In 2012, the recorded prevalence (95%CI) of ADHD was 1.06 (1.03-1.09) %. Prevalence in the most deprived areas was double that of the least deprived areas (prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 2.58 (2.36-2.83)), with a linear trend from least to most deprived areas across all regions in England. Conclusions: The low prevalence of ADHD in medical records may indicate considerable under-diagnosis. Higher rates in more disadvantaged areas indicates greater need for services in those areas