An active energy management system for light two-wheeled electric vehicles

In this paper, a novel model-based energy management system for light-electric two-wheeled vehicles (EVs) is proposed, which aims at reducing the energy consumption by actively modifying the driving-style. The proposed control architecture is capable of regulating the battery state of charge by imposing a desired discharge rate, which is tracked by means of speed and acceleration controllers. These are adapted based on the a-priori knowledge of the route, gathered via cartographic data and road slope information available on the internet. Such a system was successfully implemented on instrumented vehicles, and experimental data are reported to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach