Conceptual paper for future research: Experience of students in problem-based learning for science in a secondary school in Sabah: A case study

As an alternative, problem-based learning enables students to learn through real world issues, which differ from conventional teaching methods. The study aims to investigate the PBL approach (as suggested in Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025), which is student-centered and has been employed in a real-life setting. From the literature review, students who learn through PBL possess the characteristics of self-directed and self-regulated learners who can collaborate and cooperate in learning. The setting is contextual, which promotes students' motivation. As a result, students acquired 21st-century skills (21CS), consisting of the cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal domains. I am interested in exploring the characteristics of students who learn through PBL and how the process forms the characteristics of students, the involvement of teachers and how students deal with problem-solving, and the impact of interactions between students and teachers. A qualitative case study will be carried out in a secondary school in Sabah. This conceptual paper focuses on PBL, cooperative learning, and self-regulated learning using library research