This thesis studies empirical properties of deep convolutional neural networks, and in particular the Scattering Transform. Indeed, the theoretical analysis of the latter is hard and until now remains a challenge: successive layers of neurons have the ability to produce complex computations, whose nature is still unknown, thanks to learning algorithms whose convergence guarantees are not well understood. However, those neural networks are outstanding tools to tackle a wide variety of difficult tasks, like image classification or more formally statistical prediction. The Scattering Transform is a non-linear mathematical operator whose properties are inspired by convolutional networks. In this work, we apply it to natural images, and obtain c...