PHYTOSTEROLS AS A MEAN TO ALTER CHOLESTEROL LEVELS

Cholesterol is a molecule wich represents the basic building part of every cell. Its homeostasis is crucial for proper cellular and systemic functions and it is very important to maintain it within reference values. Altered cholesterol balance causes cardiovascular diseases as well as other diseases, like neurodegenerative and cancer. High level of cholesterol can be aleviated with medical therapy but also with a diet rich in phytosterols. The main sources of phytosterols are vegetable oils, nuts, and legumes, but positive effect on lipid profile have fruits and vegetables, and some medicinal plants. Additionally, positive effect was found for combination of phytosterols with read yeast rice and in combination with probiotic bacteria. The most important property of phytosterols is reduced absorption of endogenous and exogenous cholesterol in the body. According to a number of studies their sufficient intake can significantly alter absorption of cholesterol from foods in the small intestine. Conclusion: Daily diet that includes foods containing phytosterols can maintain normal blood cholesterol levels and prevent diseases due to hypercholesterolemia, which are still te main cause of death in Croatia and surrounding countries