Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia.
- Gommers, L.M.M.
- Hoenderop, J.G.J.
- Baaij, J.H.F. de
DOIAbstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reliably suppress gastric acid secretion and are therefore the first-line treatment for gastric acid-related disorders. Hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium [Mg(2+) ] <0.7 mmol/L) is a commonly reported side effect of PPIs. Clinical reports demonstrate that urinary Mg(2+) excretion is low in PPI users with hypomagnesemia, suggesting a compensatory mechanism by the kidney for malabsorption of Mg(2+) in the intestines. However, the exact mechanism by which PPIs cause impaired Mg(2+) absorption is still unknown. In this review, we show that current experimental evidence points toward reduced Mg(2+) solubility in the intestinal lumen. Moreover, the absorption pathways in both the small intestine and the colon may be red...
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