The proposed causal model in schematic form.

The proposed model nodes include Condition (latent), Diagnosis, History, Age, Sex, Structure and Function, Gait Mechanics, Mobility, Energy, and Quality-of-Life. Extensive details of proposed nodes are found in the text. Descriptions of the paths are found in S1 Appendix. A full implementation of the model (Rmarkdown file) and a de-identified dataset can be found in the S1 File.