Steady and moving high-speed train crosswind simulations. Comparison with wind-tunnel tests

CFD simulations are used to investigate the effect of the relative motion between the train and the infrastructure scenario in order to capture the differences between performing wind tunnel tests with static or moving vehicle to measure aerodynamic coefficient. Two infrastructure scenarios are considered: a single track ballast and rail and a 6m high embankment. CFD simulations are performed in the same geometrical scale of wind tunnel tests to allow a numerical validation against experimental data on still models, both in terms of global aerodynamic coefficients and surface pressure distribution, while the considerations on the relative motion effects will be drawn from the comparisons between numerical results obtained with moving and still models simulations