Historical overview of refractory lining in the blast furnace

The majority of refractories used today are associated with the iron and steel industries. Typically, the refractory lining of a blast furnace consists of a combination of different refractory materials chosen for different portions of the furnace, as well as distinct process conditions and temperature ranges. Knowledge and requirements for the iron manufacturing system in conjunction with the physical, mechanical, and chemical qualities of the proposed refractories determine the choice of refractory combination. Inadequate understanding of the aforementioned components frequently results in refractory failure, which then becomes a difficult problem to tackle. A blast furnace's refractory liner typically fails owing to any number or combination of these variables. To facilitate comprehension, we will explain the types of refractory lining required in a blast furnace by region, as well as the observed trend in refractory lining patterns over the past few decades