Penetration Efficiency and Concentration Distribution of Nanoparticles in a Hollow Tapered Cylinder

Knowing particle penetration efficiencies and concentration distributions in an inlet channel of a sampling device is beneficial for the robust assessment, attribution and quantification of nanoparticles produced by various activities. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of the presence or absence of a conical column inside a hollow tapered cylinder on the nanoparticle penetration efficiency and its outlet concentration profile for different flow rates. The particle penetration characteristics of various sizes from 3 nm to 20 nm were numerically investigated by using the flow field and convection diffusion equations within the hollow tapered cylinder. Firstly, the proposed model of the nanoparticle penetration efficiency for the hollow tapered cylinder with the conical column is validated with the experimental data in the literature. Then, the results indicate that the concentration at the outlet of the hollow tapered cylinder with the conical column exhibits annular profiles for 3 nm and 5 nm nanoparticles at a flow rate of 2.0 L/min, which is found to avoid centralizing the particles in the exit area. In addition, the penetration efficiency of nanoparticles can be improved by increasing flow rates or removing the conical column inside the hollow tapered cylinder. Finally, the ring-shaped concentration profile of the 10 nm nanoparticles at the outlet of the hollow conical cylinder with the conical column becomes more obvious as the flow rate decreases. This study interprets and quantitatively decides the nanoparticle penetration efficiency and its exit concentration profile for the hollow tapered cylinder with or without the conical column. Therefore, the results can provide some useful design references for the transport of nanoparticles in the hollow tapered cylinder