Porosity and Permeability Model of a Regionally Extending Unit (Upper Miocene Sandstones of the Western Part of Sava Depression, Croatia) Based on Vintage Well Data

The deep saline aquifer (DSA) Poljana in the Upper Pannonian Poljana Sandstones of Sava depression, the SW part of the Pannonian basin system, was identified as a potential CO2 storage object in previous works. Its boundaries have been redefined and its general model further developed, including the areal distribution of porosity based on analyses of 23 well logs. The sandstones were deposited in turbiditic and deltaic facies that caused considerable variations of porosity, which was further influenced by diagenetic processes. A comparison of altogether 355 pairs of porosity and permeability measurements on core plugs from 16 wells indicated 2 different sets of samples: impermeable samples with effective porosities reaching 18% and permeable samples which showed correlation between porosity and permeability. Accordingly, the permeability model was developed as semi-categorical with two categories: the first category comprising parts of DSA Poljana with porosity values exceeding 18%, where permeability was correlated with porosity, although with limited reliability, and the second category comprising model cells with porosity values below the threshold of 18%, where permeability should not be correlated with porosity due to the appearance of impermeable values. This approach enabled delineation of areas where permeability can be estimated with greater certainty, which is of utmost importance for the planning and development of CO2 storage projects and/or energy storage projects with respect to fluid injectivity. This approach can be used in areas with similar geological settings and limited datasets as an important step from regional capacity estimations towards the detailed, local-scale investigations