Fat-Corrected Pancreatic <i>R</i>2* Relaxometry from Multi-Echo Gradient-Recalled Echo Sequence Using Convolutional Neural Network

Fat-corrected R2* relaxometry from multi-echo gradient-recalled echo sequences (mGRE) could represent an efficient approach for iron overload evaluation, but its use is limited by computational constraints. A new method for the fast generation of R2* and fat fractions (FF) maps from mGRE using a convolutional neural network (U-Net) and deep learning (DL) is presented. A U-Net for the calculation of pancreatic R2* and FF maps was trained with 576 mGRE abdominal images and compared to conventional fat-corrected relaxometry. The U-Net was effectively trained and provided R2* and FF maps visually comparable to conventional methods. Predicted pancreatic R2* and FF values were well correlated with the conventional model. Estimated and ground truth mean R2* values were not significantly different (43.65 ± 21.89 vs. 43.77 ± 19.81 ms, p = 0.692, intraclass correlation coefficient-ICC = 0.9938, coefficient of variation-CoV = 5.3%), while estimated FF values were slightly higher in respect to ground truth values (27.8 ± 16.87 vs. 25.67 ± 15.43 %, p < 0.0001, ICC = 0.986, CoV = 10.1%). Deep learning utilizing the U-Net is a feasible method for pancreatic MR fat-corrected relaxometry. A trained U-Net can be efficiently used for MR fat-corrected relaxometry, providing results comparable to conventional model-based methods