Assessment of Fire Regimes and Post-Fire Evolution of Burned Areas with the Dynamic Time Warping Method on Time Series of Satellite Images—Setting the Methodological Framework in the Peloponnese, Greece

Forest fires are considered to be an important part of numerous terrestrial ecosystems and vegetation types, being also a significant factor of ecosystem disruption. In this sense, fires play an important role in the structure and function of the ecosystems. Biomes are characterized by a specific type of fire regime, which is a synergy of the climate conditions and the characteristics of the vegetation types dominating each biome. The assessment of burned areas and the identification of the fire regimes can be implemented with freely available low- to high-resolution satellite data as those of Landsat and Sentinel-2. Moreover, the biomes are characterized by the phenology, a useful component for vegetation monitoring, especially when time series of satellite images are used. Both the identification of fire regime by reconstructing the fire history and the monitoring of the post-fire evolution of burned areas were studied with remote sensing methods. Specifically, the present paper is a pilot study implemented in a Mediterranean biome, aimed at establishing the methodological framework to (i) define fire regimes, (ii) characterize the phenological pattern of the vegetation (pre-fire situation) of the fire-affected areas, and (iii) compare the phenology of the recovered fire-affected areas with the corresponding one of the pre-fire situation. At the global level, based on MODIS fire perimeters, we found that fires are occurring at 70% in the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, followed by fires at tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests by 7% and by fires at deserts and xeric shrublands by 6.5%