A Real-Time Digital Twin and Neural Net Cluster-Based Framework for Faults Identification in Power Converters of Microgrids, Self Organized Map Neural Network

In developing distribution networks, the deployment of alternative generation sources is heavily motivated by the growing energy demand, as by environmental and political motives. Consequently, microgrids are implemented to coordinate the operation of these energy generation assets. Microgrids are systems that rely on power conversion technologies based on high-frequency switching devices to generate a stable distribution network. However, disrupting scenarios can occur in deployed systems, causing faults at the sub-component and the system level of microgrids where its identification is an economical and technological challenge. This paradigm can be addressed by having a digital twin of the low-level components to monitor and analyze their response and identify faults to take preventive or corrective actions. Nonetheless, accurate execution of digital twins of low-level components in traditional simulation systems is a difficult task to achieve due to the fast dynamics of the power converter devices, leading to inaccurate results and false identification of system faults. Therefore, this work proposes a fault identification framework for low-level components that includes the combination of Real-Time systems with the Digital Twin concept to guarantee the dynamic consistency of the low-level components. The proposed framework includes an offline trained Self Organized Map Neural Network in a hexagonal topology to identify such faults within a Real-Time system. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to a three-phase two-level inverter connected to its digital model in a Real-Time simulator for open circuit faults identification