Security Ontology Structure for Formalization of Security Document Knowledge

Cybersecurity solutions are highly based on data analysis. Currently, it is not enough to make an automated decision; it also has to be explainable. The decision-making logic traceability should be provided in addition to justification by referencing different data sources and evidence. However, the existing security ontologies, used for the implementation of expert systems and serving as a knowledge base, lack interconnectivity between different data sources and computer-readable linking to the data source. Therefore, this paper aims to increase the possibilities of ontology-based cyber intelligence solutions, by presenting a security ontology structure for data storage to the ontology from different text-based data sources, supporting the knowledge traceability and relationship estimation between different security documents. The proposed ontology structure is tested by storing data of three text-based data sources, and its application possibilities are provided. The study shows that the structure is adaptable for different text data sources and provides an additional value related to security area extension