Distribution, migratory behavior, and conservation of Hudson’s Canastero Asthenes hudsoni (Furnariidae): a grassland specialist from the humid Pampas

Hudson’s Canastero, Asthenes hudsoni (Furnariidae) is a secretive passerine from the Rio de la Plata grasslands of South America. It is considered near threatened, but little is known about its distribution and seasonal movements. We performed a thorough revision of historical and recent records of the species and estimated its original and current geographic distribution using niche modeling based on climatic and land cover information. We found that A. hudsoni is not widespread across the Río de la Plata grasslands but mostly restricted to the humid pampas in Argentina, with isolated populations in central Argentina and SE Brazil. Most records north of the humid pampas in Argentina and Uruguay correspond to wintering individuals, revealing that the species is a partial seasonal migrant. Our distribution models indicate that its original area of occupancy may have been reduced by 65% to a current ~50,000 km², with a stronghold in the flooding Pampas in eastern Buenos Aires province. However, because of the specific microhabitat requirements of the species, we suspect that this figure underestimates the extent of appropriate habitat available, and that A. hudsoni could be very close to the threshold of area of occupancy for vulnerable species under IUCN criteria. Further research on habitat requirements, distribution, and population trends are urgently needed