Leaf Epidermal Traits of Selected Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae Taxa of Hainan Island and Their Taxonomic Relevance

Euphorbiaceae and Phyllantaceae are two of the most taxonomically complex and diverse families among angiosperm. Therefore, this study aims to identify the common, variation, and diagnostic traits of foliar anatomy and micromorphology of selected Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae taxa collected from Hainan Island. A total of 42 individuals of 38 species belonging to these two families were examined under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A multivariate detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and chord diagram analysis were performed to visualize the variations and relationships between the species. The nonglandular trichomes were further classified into long falcate and short conical with papillae on their surface, and stellate and lepidote subentire, while the glandular trichomes were divided into capitate, subsessile capitate, sessile capitates, and peltate. The paracytic-type stomata were found in most of the species. The prominent continuous or discontinuous cuticular striations radiating from the guard cells in parallel, horizontal, or reticulate patterns were analyzed in most of the taxa. Variation was also found in epidermal cells and anticlinal wall patterns. Together, these traits are useful for identification, discrimination, and to define species boundaries at various levels. Our study will provide a basis for future studies to strengthen the systematic of Euphorbiaceae taxa