Probiotic effectiveness in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in paediatric patients

Uvod: Probiotiki so živi mikroorganizmi, ki delujejo koristno na zdravje gostitelja, kadar jih apliciramo v ustreznih okoliščinah. Ravno obratno učinkovanje na gastrointestinalno mikrobioto imajo antibiotiki. Ti porušijo ravnovesje, kar povzroči gastrointestinalne zaplete. Zaradi blagodejnih učinkov, ki jih prinašajo probiotiki, bi se jih moralo uvajati v terapijo, kjer se jemlje antibiotike, najpomembneje pri pediatričnih pacientih. K uvajanju probiotikov pa bi morali primerno izobraziti tudi starše in jih podučiti. Metode: Zaključno delo je temeljilo na analizi in pregledu strokovne literature, pridobljene iz elektronskih baz PubMed, ScienceDirect in CINAHL. Upoštevali smo vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Potek iskanja literature smo prikazali z diagramom PRISMA. Ocena kakovosti izbranih študij je bila izvedena s pomočjo 8-stopenjske hierarhije dokazov. Opravljeni sta bili tematska analiza in sinteza podatkov. Rezultati: Probiotiki so zelo učinkoviti pri preprečevanju driske, povzročene z jemanjem antibiotikov. Študije so pokazale, da probiotiki v 50–80 % preprečujejo drisko in tako koristijo zdravju otroka. Razprava in sklep: Probiotiki so zelo dobro raziskani. Ugotovljeno je, da sta za pediatričnega pacienta najučinkovitejša probiotika Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in Saccharomyces boulardiiIntroduction: Probiotics are living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the health of the host when they are applied under appropriate circumstances. Antibiotics have the exact opposite effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. They disrupt the balance which causes gastrointestinal complications. Due to the beneficial effects enabled by probiotics, they should be introduced in therapy where antibiotics are given, most importantly in pediatric patients. To introduce probiotics, parents should also be appropriately educated. Methods: The bachelor’s thesis is based on the analysis and review of professional literature obtained from electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cinahl. We considered the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The course of the literature search was shown with a PRISMA diagram. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using a 8-level hierarchy of evidence. Thematic analysis and data synthesis were carried out. Results: Probiotics are very effective in preventing antibiotic asoociated diarrhea. Studies have shown that probiotics prevent diarrhea by 50-80% and, thus, benefit the health of the child. Discussion and conclusion: Probiotics are very well-researched. It has been established that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii are the most effective probiotics for pediatric patients