The MoxFo initiative – outcomes: Outcome measures in studies of exercise training in multiple sclerosis; scoping review of reviews and classification according to the ICF Framework

Background: The number of published studies of exercise training in multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown exponentially with increasing numbers of outcomes capturing exercise effects. This has complicated the selection of relevant indicators and interpretation of intervention effects.Objectives: The Outcomes subgroup of the MoXFo initiative aimed to: 1) identify outcome measures and biomarkers in studies of exercise training in MS; 2) systematically map retrieved outcomes to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories; 3) identify gaps where relevant ICF categories have been omitted.Methods: Electronic databases and registers were searched from 2010 to July 2020 to identify systematic reviews or meta-analyses of controlled trials of exercise training on any outcome in MS. Retrieved outcomes/biomarkers were mapped to the corresponding ICF category. Results: 81 review articles reporting 235 different outcomes were included. The outcomes corresponded to 15 chapters and 45 categories within the ICF. Outcomes mapped primarily to body function (30 categories) and activities and participation (9 categories) components. Few outcomes mapped to body structures (2 categories) or environmental factors (1 category). Conclusion: This sets the stage to develop a resource for researchers/clinicians that will aid in the selection of appropriate outcomes/biomarkers when examining exercise effects in MS