BIM Implementation models in Thailand: Drivers, benefits, barriers, and lessons learned

This research is original and relevant as it provides for the first time an overview of the typical BIM implementation models in Thailand and a BIM implementation guide for contractors to avoid the repetition of current common mistakes. It also reveals that Thai private developers request the use of BIM for more than 60% of large projects. This is the main driver for contractors to use BIM. Most of them use BIM below its potential and receive limited benefits. In general, BIM is used to produce a 3D model, update technicaldrawings, detect clashes, quantity take-offs and create 3D visualizations. It was also found that the main barriers are the negative effect that the implementation of BIM has at the beginning on the schedule/productivity of the projects; high initial investment; lack of knowledge and information available about BIM; lack of leadership from government to promote the change; resistance to change of practice; and the long adoption period. This research makes suggestions to minimise each barrier