Lower–Middle Cambrian faunas and stratigraphy from northern Siberia

New assemblages of skeletal fossils chemically extracted from carbonates of the Cambrian Stage 2–Drumian Stage are reported from the lower reaches of the Lena River as well as from the Khorbusuonka, Malaya Kuonamka, and Bol’shaya Kuonamka rivers in northern part of the Siberian Platform. The fauna studied with scanning electron microscopy includes brachiopods, molluscs, hyoliths, halkieriids, chancelloriids, tommotiids, lobopodians, palaeoscolecidans, bradoriids, echinoderms, anabaritids, hyolithelminths, and sponges showing similarity to previously described fossil assemblages from Siberia, Laurentia, and Gondwana. The material includes emended descriptions of Halkieria proboscidea, Hadimopanella knappologica, Archaeopetasus typicus, and first descriptions of Hadimopanella foveata Kouchinsky sp. nov. and Archaeopetasus pachybasalis Kouchinsky sp. nov. Affinity of Archaeopetasus to chancelloriids is suggested. Finding of an in-place operculum in a planispiral shell of Michniakia minuta enables reinterpretation of this form as a hyolith, not a mollusc. The cambroclavids Cambroclavus sp. and Zhijinites clavus and the earliest echinoderms belonging to the Rhombifera and Ctenocystoidea are reported respectively from the lower Botoman stage and Botoman–Toyonian transitional beds, correlated with Cambrian Stage 4. Carbon isotopes are analysed from sections of the Chuskuna (upper Kessyusa Group), Erkeket, Kuonamka, Olenyok, Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh, Tyuser and Sekten formations. A major part ofthe δ13C record is obtained from the Cambrian Stage 4–Drumian Stage strata which remain incompletely characterised by chemostratigraphy. The Lower Anomocarioides limbataeformis Carbon isotope Excursion (LACE) from the Drumian Stage of the Khorbusuonka River is introduced herein. New chemostratigraphic data are used for regional and global correlation and facilitate study of the evolutionary development of animals and faunas through the “Cambrian explosion”.Our field trips to Malaya Kuonamka and Bol’shaya Kuonamka riversin 1996 and to the Khorbusuonka and Lena rivers in 2000 were financially supported by grants to SB from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Swedish Research Council. We thank Shane Pelechaty (Shell, Calgary, Canada) for collecting isotope samples from outcrops of the Malaya Kuonamka and Bol’shaya Kuonamka rivers in 1996, Stefan Ohlsson (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden) and Klara Hajnal (Stockholm University, Sweden) for technical assistance with sample preparation and analyses. AK is grateful to Ilya Kuchinsky (International English School in Täby, Sweden) for assistance with SEM imaging. LH’s work was supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (VR 2018-03390). AZ’s study is carried out as a part of Scientific Project 04-1-21 of the State Order of the Government of the Russian Federation to the Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121031600198-2. RW and FB are supported bya NERC Discovery Grant (NE/T008458/1). VP has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.