Supplementary material to Micro-environmental variation of soil microbial biodiversity differs across land use types – implications for field sampling designs

Lista de archivos: 1- un archivo Word con detalles metodológicos sobre análisis de procesos determinísticos y estocásticos. 2- un archivo Word con las tablas suplementarias. 3- un archivo Word con las figuras suplementarias.Proyecto: ERA-NET Cofund SusCrop Project potatoMETAbiome (Grant No 771134), EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program and NWO, Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI)Background and Aims: Soil microbial biodiversity is the driving force behind several soil processes and is highly affected by land use change. The development of soil quality indicators based on microbial biodiversity is growing, mainly focusing on macro-environmental factors (soil type, climate, biomes). However, little is known about how these communities vary within micro-environmental gradients (soil depth, spatial distance) across different land uses, which is critical for designing field sampling protocols. Our objective was to assess how soil microbial communities changed with soil depth and spatial distance after land use conversion in Patagonia, Argentina. Methods: A state-and-transition model was used as a reference framework entailing native forest, horticulture and grassland soils. We sampled soils in four spatial distances (from 0.1 to 70 m) and four depths (within 0-40 cm) and combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA quantification and soil chemical characterization to explore micro environmental variation in microbial biomass, α-diversity, β-diversity, and microbial communities' assembly processes. Results: Depth and spatial distance had differential effects on microbial biodiversity within different land uses. Microbial biomass was most sensitive to depth, α-diversity to spatial distance, and b-diversity to both depth and spatial distance. Deterministic processes dominate microbial communities' assembly along depth in all land uses, which is a promising result for developing soil quality indicators based on microbial biodiversity. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that a homogeneous sampling effort does not necessarily capture the same soil microbial variability across different land uses; hence, design adjustments should be needed.EEA BarilocheFil: Alvarez, Valeria Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Valeria Esther. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Falcão Salles, Joana. Groningen University. Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); Países BajosFil: Jia, Xiu. Groningen University. Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); Países BajosFil: Castan, Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Castan, Elisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural El Bolsón; ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Groningen University. Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences; Países BajosFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB); ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Université de Montpellier. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). Agroécologie et Intensification Durable (AïDA); Franci