Information Transmission from the Southern Ming to the Joseon Dynasty and the Joseon\u27s Reactions to It

In the latter half of the 17th century, a vast amount of information from the Southern Ming (1644-1662) was transmitted not only to Japan but also to Korea\u27s Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897). During the eras of the Hongguang and Longwu Emperors (January-August 1645 and 1645-1647, respectively), information from China spread quickly to Korea. However, due to the southward military campaigns of the Qing army, land traffic was blocked. During the time of Regent Lu (1645-1653) and the Yongli emperor (1646-1662), it took about a year for information to reach the Joseon. Information was mainly from the Korean embassies to Beijing, Chinese castaways, and Japan. Finally, there was interest on the Korean side for the information, and for that reason, the Joseon actively collected information about the Southern Ming. However, the Joseon also faced the moral dilemma of choosing between sympathizing with the Southern Ming, which was collapsing, and obedience to the subsequent Qing dynasty (1636-1912)