COGNITIVE AND APPETITIVE FACULTIES IN THOMAS AQUINAS’ PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Cilj je ovog članka ponuditi pregled dijela Tomine antropologije u kojem on razmatra dvije vrste moći koje nalazimo kod čovjeka: spoznajne moći i moći težnje. Spoznajne moći kao i moći težnje Toma dijeli na osjetilne i razumske, te ih razlikuje s obzirom na njihove objekte i načine aktualizacije. U prvom dijelu članka promatramo odnos duše i njezinih moći, postavljamo pitanje kako se moći međusobno razlikuju, te može li se bit duše svesti na neku od njezinih moći. Nakon toga prelazimo na spoznaju koju Toma dijeli na osjetilnu i razumsku. Jedno od pitanja koje nam se nužno postavlja jest pitanje uzroka podjele spoznaje na spomenute dvije vrste. Zadnja je tema vezana za osjetilnu i razumsku težnju, njihovu međusobnu razliku i činjenicu da je čovjek kao razumsko biće, za razliku od životinja, slobodno biće.The objective of this article is to offer an overview of a segment of Thomas´ anthropology in which he is researching two kinds of faculties we find in a man: cognitive faculties and faculties of appetite. Cognitive as well as appetitive faculties Thomas divided into rational and sensitive and he differentiates them according to their respective objects and the way they are actualized. The first part of the article is dedicated to the relationship of the soul to its faculties, the question of how the faculties are distinguished amongst themselves and whether the essence of the soul can be reduced to any of its faculties. After that we will place our attention on cognitive faculties which are divided into sensitive and rational and there we will see why Thomas is dividing these two types of cognition. The final subject is connected to sensitive and rational appetite, their mutual difference, and the fact that a man as a rational being, unlike animal, is a free agent