HUBUNGAN OBESITAS, HIPERGLIKEMIA DAN HIPERTENSI TERHADAP SARKOPENIA PADA LANSIA DI PUSAKA KALIDERES, JAKARTA BARAT 2019-2020

Introduction: Aging and physical disability are often associated with hypertension, obesity and blood sugar levels which are important factors in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.This study aims to determine the relationship between obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and sarcopenia among the elderly at PUSAKA Kalideres, West Jakarta. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study consisting of 107 respondents aged ≥ 60 years at PUSAKA Kalideres, West Jakarta from September 2019 to November 2019. The dependent variable studied was sarcopenia, while the independent variables of the study were obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension. The criteria for sarcopenia are based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Obesity is categorized if the BMI is ≥ 25 kg, hyperglycemia if the fasting blood sugar level is ≥100 mg / dL, hypertension if the blood pressure is ≥140 / 90 mmHg. Results: Based on 107 respondents, most of them were aged 65 years (62.6%) and most of them were female (70.1%). The results showed 30 respondents (28%) sarcopenia, 51 respondents (47.7%) obesity, 24 respondents (22.4%) hyperglycemia, and 31 respondents (29%) hypertension. Based on bivariate analysis, it shows that age and obesity have a significant relationship with sarcopenia  p = 0.006 (p> ) and obesity p = 0.022 (p> ). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age and non-obesity were associated with sarcopenia (p = 0.005; OR = 4.734; CI = 1.587 - 14.122 and obesp = 0.015; OR = 0.309; CI = 0.120 - 0.796). Conclusion: Age is a risk factor for sarcopenia in the elderly and those who are not obese have a greater risk of developing sarcopenia.Pendahuluan: Penuaan dan kecacatan fisik seringkali dikaitkan dengan hipertensi , obesitas dan kadar gula darah  yang merupakan faktor penting dalam perkembangan sindrom metabolik dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas, hiperglikemia dan hipertensi pada sarkopenia pada lansia di PUSAKA Kalideres Jakarta Barat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif analitik potong lintang yang terdiri dari 107 responden berusia 60 tahun di PUSAKA Kalideres Jakarta Barat pada bulan September 2019 hingga November 2019. Variabel dependen yang diteliti adalah sarkopenia, sedangkan variabel independent penelitian adalah obesitas, hiperglikemia dan hipertensi. Kriteria sarcopenia berdasarkan Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Dikategorikan obesitas apabila IMT ≥ 25 kg, hiperglikemia apabila kadar gula darah puasa ≥100 mg/dL, hipertensi apabila tekanan darah ≥140/90 mmHg. Hasil: Berdasarkan 107 responden sebagian besar berusia ≥65 tahun (62,6%) dan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan (70,1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 30 responden (28%) sarkopenia, 51 responden (47,7%) obesitas, 24 responden (22,4%) hiperglikemia, dan 31 responden (29%) hipertensi. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia dan obesitas memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan sarkopenia dengan nilai usia p = 0,006  dan obesitas p = 0,022. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia dan kondisi tidak obesitas berhubungan dengan sarkopenia (p = 0,005; OR = 4,734; CI = 1,587 – 14,122 dan obesitas = 0,015; OR = 0,309; CI = 0,120 – 0,796). Kesimpulan: Usia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya sarkopenia pada lansia dan  kondisi tidak obesitas mempunyai risiko lebih besar terjadi sarkopenia