フランス造園の近代化(平成6年度日本造園学会賞受賞者業績要旨)

This study aims to reveal the characteristics of two turning points in landscape architecture's history in France : 17th century when the french garden style was formed, and 19th century when the system of green spaces was created in the rebuilding of Paris. After analyzing the characteristics of the reform in the landscape architecture in 17th century, the essential points are follows. The garden's design changed the pattern of a rectangle divided by the cross into the composition for enormous space. With this change, the techniques of surveying and the use of water for fountains etc. developed. The cooperation with other fields became important. And, finally, landscape architecture was related to city planning. They used the same composition. In 19th century, the first point is the birth of public open space in the city, which became a subject in the landscape architecture. Its design was based on the peaceful and beautiful scenery of the country. Its element needing knowledge to be understood was cleared from this open space. And next, the systematization in some sides : arrangement of open spaces, history of landscape architecture, method of composition, and process of construction. If I grasp the common trend in these two reforms, two points are revealed. One is the relation with the city, and the other is the characteristics of generality, rationality and planning. And it Became clear also that the reform of 17th century is forerunner of modern age and that it prepared the reform of 19th century.Articleランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 59(2): 77-84(1995)journal articl