Caracterización de la salud bucal en la adolescencia temprana en un área de salud

A descriptive study of correlation and cross-sectional cut was conducted to characterize oral health in an adolescent population (12 years old); the group was chosen from “Raul Sanchez” health area in order to draw a strategy of intervention to modify oral-dental health chart. The target group was comprised of 269 adolescents with a probabilistic stratified sample of 90 subjects; using the oral-dental indicators proposed by the International Dental Federation: percentage of children without tooth decay, COP-D epidemiological classification, risk factors, prevalence of periodontal diseases, malocclusions, condition and permanence of first permanent molar. Records of tooth decay, poor oral hygiene and heredity constituted the risk factors of greatest incidence on the onset of tooth decay and periodontal diseases, whereas deforming habits were present in malocclusions. In periodontal diseases and tooth decay male sex prevailed. The index of COP-D was below the goal of WHO proposed to 2010. The prevalence of periodontal diseases reached the parameters established by the FDI/WHO to 2010, while malocclusions were over the stipulated. The epidemiological classification of sick person achieved a high percentage.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de correlación y corte transversal para caracterizar el estado de salud bucal de la población de 12 años del Área de Salud correspondiente al policlínico "Raúl Sánchez", y trazar una estrategia de intervención para modificar el cuadro de salud bucodental. Del universo conformado por 269 adolescentes se seleccionó una muestra probabilística estratificada de 90 individuos. Se utilizaron los indicadores de salud bucal propuestos por la Federación Dental Internacional: porcentaje de niños libres de caries, índice COP-D, clasificación epidemiológica, factores de riesgo, prevalencia de periodontopatías, maloclusiones, estado y permanencia del 1er. molar permanente. Los antecedentes de caries, la higiene bucal deficiente y la herencia constituyeron los factores de riesgo que más incidieron en la aparición de caries y enfermedad periodontal, mientras para las maloclusiones fueron los hábitos deformantes. Hubo un predominio del sexo masculino en la enfermedad periodontal y la caries dental. El índice COP-D quedó por debajo de la meta propuesta por la OMS para el año 2010. La prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal se encontraba dentro de los parámetros establecidos por la FDI/OMS para el 2010, en tanto las de maloclusiones estuvieron por encima de lo estipulado. La clasificación epidemiológica enfermo alcanzó un elevado por ciento.DeCS: SALUD BUCAL/normas, ADOLESCENCIA/menores.ABSTRACTA descriptive study of correlation and cross-sectional cut was conducted to characterize oral health in an adolescent population (12 years old); the group was chosen from “Raul Sanchez” health area in order to draw a strategy of intervention to modify oral-dental health chart. The target group was comprised of 269 adolescents with a probabilistic stratified sample of 90 subjects; using the oral-dental indicators proposed by the International Dental Federation: percentage of children without tooth decay, COP-D epidemiological classification, risk factors, prevalence of periodontal diseases, malocclusions, condition and permanence of first permanent molar. Records of tooth decay, poor oral hygiene and heredity constituted the risk factors of greatest incidence on the onset of tooth decay and periodontal diseases, whereas deforming habits were present in malocclusions. In periodontal diseases and tooth decay male sex prevailed. The index of COP-D was below the goal of WHO proposed to 2010. The prevalence of periodontal diseases reached the parameters established by the FDI/WHO to 2010, while malocclusions were over the stipulated. The epidemiological classification of sick person achieved a high percentage.DeCS: Oral health/norms, adolescence/minors