Pemikiran keagamaan tentang nonmuslim menurut Nahdlatul Ulama : Penelitian atas fatwa-fatwa lembaga Bahtsul Masa’il Nahdlatul Ulama tahun 1926-2019 tentang relasi muslim dan nonmuslim

This study examines the dynamics of fatwas on muslim and nonmuslim relations published by the Lembaga Bahtsul Masa’il Nahdlatul Ulama (LBM NU) from 1926 to 2019. This qualitative research focuses on studying LBM NU documents containing fatwas on issues. The perspective used is the religious studies, with theoretical analysis from Joachim Wach regarding religious experience and a model of religious thought expressed in the form of sacred texts. Joachim Wach's theory is part of sociological research in the perspective of religious studies, which is understood as the study of religious experience and religious thought expressed in text form by the LBM NU, which specifically, religious places texts as one of the factors that influence social change between Muslims and non-Muslims as the structure of social relations in Indonesian society. The study found that the fatwas on the relationship between muslim and nonmuslim of LBM NU regarding dynamic developments were influenced by aspects of the methodological aspects of law enforcement, relations between religion and the state, and the concepts and perceptions of the ulama about the position of religions other than Islam. In the process, this discussion, as masail diniyah waqi'iyah, goes through the stages of legal istinbath of LBM NU based on the manhajiy method, namely carrying out tathbîq (applying) dynamically to the texts of classical and middle school scholars to answer the current waqi'iyyah (casuistic) problem. In addition, the "aswaja" principles, namely: al-tawasut, al-tawazun, al-tasamuh, al-ta'adul, and amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, are the ethical principles of the determination. This change in the NU LBM fatwa on muslim and nonmuslim relations is influenced by the taghayyur theory in the dynamics of opinion and thought (taghayyur al-ra'y wa al-fikr) that is currently developing. Taghayyur theory is able to answer the development of social-social problems that affect the shift in the understanding of the concept of an infidel. The reinterpretation of nonmuslims in Indonesia, in a fatwa that nonmuslims cannot be categorized in terms of infidel as contained in the initial concept of infidel with its various types; In the context of the nation-state, nonmuslim citizens are not second-class citizens. By adhering to these principles, LBM NU views ukhuwwah islamiyah and ukhuwwuah wataniyah as a commitment to maintain muslim and nonmuslim relations and improve the quality of harmonious relations under the NKRI