Foreignization and domestication translation of Indonesian cultural expressions in Mochtar Lubis's sendja di Djakarta in claire holt's twilight in Djakarta

ENGLISH This research discusses the way Sendja di Djakarta has been realized in ‘Twilight in Djakarta’ in terms of Indonesian cultural expressions. The foci of this research are; (1) the Indonesian cultural expressions, (2) the procedures in foreignization strategy, (3) the procedures in domestication strategy. The categories of culture and the procedures of translation in Newmark (1988) are used as the primary theory and others which are related to cultural translations as secondary theories. The Descriptive qualitative approach is applied in a content analysis study in conducting this research. This is concerned with the description of the content in the form of translation phenomena of foreignization and domestication strategy in translating the Indonesian cultural expressions. Meanwhile, the researcher also uses other documents such as books, e-books, dictionaries, journals, articles, etc. in describing and analyzing the content. This research reveals three findings. In terms of Indonesian cultural expressions, there are found 154 data which classified into nine categories; social organization (34 data), social culture (31 data), toponym (26 data), material culture (24 data), anthroponym (23 data), ecology (6 data), sayings and idioms (6 data), measuring system (3 data), and gestures and habits (1 datum). The use of translation procedures of 92 data in foreignization strategy is found to use four classifications of translation procedures. From the highest to the lowest they are transference, footnotes, couplet, and naturalization; 45, 53, 2, 1 successively. Regarding those procedures, there is one exception found mistranslation. Meanwhile, the translation procedures of 62 data in domestication strategy are found to use nine classifications procedure; cultural equivalent, couplet, recognized translation, synonym, through translation, reduction and expansion, literal, descriptive equivalent, and shifts or transpositions; 12, 11, 9, 8, 6, 6, 4, 4, 1 successively. Besides, there is also one exception found mistranslation. From the findings above, this shows that the Indonesian cultural expressions are oriented towards foreignization rather than domestication strategy. INDONESIA Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana ‘Sendja di Djakarta’ diwujudkan dalam Twilight in Jakarta dalam hal ungkapan budaya Indonesia. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) ungkapan budaya Indonesia, (2) prosedur penerjemahan dalam strategi foreignisasi, (3) prosedur penerjemahan dalam strategi domestikasi. Kategori budaya dan klasifikasi prosedur terjemahan dalam Newmark (1988) digunakan sebagai teori utama dan teori lainnya yang berkaitan dengan terjemahan budaya sebagai teori sekunder. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif diterapandalam studianalisis konten dalam penelitian ini. Hal ini berkaitan dengan deskripsi konten dalam bentuk fenomena penerjemahan pada strategi foreginisasi dan domestikasi dalam menerjemahkan kata-kata budaya Indonesia. Sementara itu, peneliti juga menggunakan dokumen pendukung lainnya seperti buku, elektronik buku, kamus, jurnal, artikel, dll. dalam menggambarkan dan menganalisis konten. Penelitian ini mengungkap tiga temuan. Temuan pada ungkapan budaya Indonesia, terdapat 154 data yang diklasifikasikan kedalam sembilan kategori; social organization (34 data), social culture (31 data), toponym (26 data), material culture (24 data), anthroponym (23 data), ecology (6 data), sayings and idioms (6 data), measuring system (3 data), dan gestures and habits (1 data). Penggunaan prosedur terjemahan dari 92 data dalam strategi foreignisasi ditemukan menggunakan empat klasifikasi prosedur. Dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah, mereka adalah transference, footnotes, coupletdan naturalization; 45, 53, 2, 1. Bertalian dengan prosedur tersebut, terdapat satu pengecualian kesalahan penerjemahan. Sementara itu, prosedur terjemahan dari 62 data dalam strategi domestikasi ditemukan menggunakan sembilan klasifikasi prosedur; cultural equivalent, couplet, recognized translation, synonym, through translation, reduction and expansion, literal, descriptive equivalent, danshifts or transpositions; 12, 11, 9, 8, 6, 6, 4, 4, 1. Sebagai tambahan, juga terdapat satu pengecualian kesalahan penerjemahan. Berdasarkan temuan di atas, penerjemahan ungkapan budaya Indonesia dalam novel berorientasi pada strategi foreigenisasi daripada domestikasi