Islam and Problems of State: Considering the position of Sharia in Democratic Country Indonesia

There are some questions on the relationship between Islam and state that can be traced from the early age of Islam. How do the Muslims follow Rasulullah’s example? What messages can be taken from Rasulullah’s “involvement” in the affairs of state? How is the relationship between religion and state? Do the Islamic countries exist? If yes, what criteria or indicators can be used to determine them? Is it right that the Islamic countries must be named caliphate (khilafah)? Why do the Islamic countries now have different forms of state or governmental systems? Where is the position of sharia (religious law) in Muslims’ social life? Where is the position of sharia in state and political life? How are the opportunities and challenges for the sharia of Islam in democratic countries like Indonesia? These are question that will be answered in this article. Key words : Islamic state, caliphate, democracy , Indonesi