The auxiliary verbs of non-standard English pattern in Mark Twain’s novel the adventures of Tom Sawyer

The research describes the pattern of Non-Standard English auxiliary verbs used by Twain in his novel ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyers’. The problems of this research are formulated into two questions: (1) What patterns of Non-Standard English auxiliary verbs are used in Twain’s novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? (2) In what contexts are Non-Standard English auxiliary verbs used by characters in the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? As qualitative research, this research required base and reasoning logic. In this case, the theory of Green in her Syntactic Variation was used as a grand theory of the research, beside other theories of English Grammar. The research employs descriptive qualitative method by which the writer categorizes, describes, and analyzes the data systematically, factually, accurately in order to be able to answer the research questions proposed. The data used in this research are taken from the Adventures of Tom Sawyers of Twain’s novel which show Non-Standard English auxiliary verbs pattern. The findings of this research indicate that there are 271 sentences which use Non-Standard English. All Non-Standard English sentences are formulated to eighteen patterns which are classified into ellipsis be-form, ain’t, hain’t, warn’t contractions and disagreement. In relation to the context of Twain’s novel, it is found that there are four social parameters that determine the way characters use language which consist of age, situation, and sex. In a nutshell based on the analysis of finding, it is inferred that of all the Non-Standard English Auxiliary verbs, ain’t contraction is more dominantly used in Twain’s novel. Meanwhile, of all Non-Standard English used in novel, age is frequently found in Twain’s novel