Clinical pharmacy considerations in special population: Pregnancy and lactation

The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation may affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Hence, administration of medications during pregnancy and lactation may require adjustments in dose, duration, or frequency. In addition, certain drugs are known to have teratogenic effects and are therefore contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. This article outlines the clinical considerations to be taken when treating pregnant and lactating women with medical disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, hematological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and postpartum depression as well as the clinical considerations in the use of medications for labor and delivery. 2019 Elsevier Inc.Scopu