Decentramento e/o Densificazione, il comune denominatore dell'urbanistica e del costruire responsabile e prudente. Decentralization and/or Densification, The common denominator of planning and responsible and careful construction

ABSTRACT - The discussion of planning and architectural design is locked for two opposing arguments: densification and decentralization. The savings in the consumption of the soil is the common denominator. Today, it is necessary to implement prudent business practices in the use of energy and economic resources. To protect nature and the planet population explosion and urban planning must be clamped to the reuse of already developed land and further land use for the production of food. The increase of population in act is unprecedented in human history. The growth of cities in the developed countries and the megacities of the developing unique converges in the direction of the disintegration of the city pre-industrial and post-industrial and spread of slums, favelas, vigia misery. Social conflict is increasingly serious. Wealth is concentrated in a narrow oligarchy. The spread of misery, poverty and suffering extends to billions of people. The imbalance between wealth and poverty is increasing violence and insecurity. Children, women and the elderly are vulnerable people exposed to violence and exploitation. Natural hazards and social risks are the warning signs of sick society today. In August of 2012, for the first time, was recorded crisis point between the biological capacity of the planet, in terms of energy and natural resources unplayable used, and ecological footprint of the population on the planet. Since the first energy crisis of 1972 to today the scientific and economic development are far from guaranteeing the "right to land" and the "right to housing" in all human beings. Urbanism, architecture and building are science and practice to inhabit the Earth, and to design and produce reversible works, that can change over time and space with little impact on nature. In the World Urban Forum in Naples in 2012 were defined 15 basic principles to be followed for the cities of the future. In all the principles of the common denominator is the Earth to ensure the "right to dignity of existence." The land evaluation, the best land use for their intrinsic characteristics, is the basis of any process of human settlement and urbanization. The research report is that discusses is the case study of urban regeneration the former industrial area of Herculaneum