The use of pricing revenues for improving public transport services

In recent years several European cities have introduced road pricing as a tool for managing transport demand, especially to reduce traffic congestion and rebalance the modal split between private vehicles and mass-transit systems. The aim of this research is to develop an optimisation model that allows fares to be calculated according to economic theory of 'efficient tolls' in the case of different pricing schemes (such as parking, cordon and road pricing) and analyse effects of pricing revenue reinvestments in terms of user accessibility increase and mass-transit fare reductions