The impact of physiological changes on older people : implications for nursing practice

The focus of this chapter is the physiological changes that occur as people age. Even though the chapter is dominated by physical changes, it is acknowledged that we are complex beings with biopsychosocial, cultural and spiritual aspects that contribute to our individuality. As you learnt in Chapter 4, although changes happen as ageing occurs, when they occur and the speed with which they occur, depend on the individual. The meaning and significance of the changes are similarly individual experiences. Being aware of age-related changes enables registered nurses and other health professionals to work collaboratively with individuals in initiating programs that retard and/or prevent deterioration, pathology and trauma, and support the older person to live the life they aspire to. Knowledge of age-related changes enables astute assessment and helps with being able to differentiate between an age-related change and pathology. Age-related changes underpin different responses to the external environment and challenges to health for the older person. As this is essential knowledge for a registered nurse and other health professionals, the chapter is presented in a way that makes the information readily accessible and articulates that, although ageing is universal, it is also individual. It emphasises the significance of assessment and outlines the particular role of the registered nurse in prolonging functionality, enabling the maintenance of connections with family, friends and the community and supporting the older person to adapt to their ageing journey