2+1 Einstein gravity as a deformed Chern-Simons theory

The usual description of (2+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity as a Chern–Simons (CS) theory is extended to a one parameter family of descriptions of 2+1 Einstein gravity. This is done by replacing the Poincaré gauge group symmetry by a q-deformed Poincaré gauge group symmetry, with the former symmetry recovered when q → 1. As a result, we obtain a one parameter family of Hamiltonian formulations for 2+1 gravity. Although formulated in terms of noncommuting dreibeins and spin-connection fields, our expression for the action and our field equations, appropriately ordered, are identical in form to the ordinary ones. Moreover, starting with a properly defined metric tensor, the usual metric theory can be built; the Christoffel symbols and space–time curvature having the usual expressions in terms of the metric tensor, and being represented by c-numbers. In this article, we also couple the theory to particle sources, and find that these sources carry exotic angular momentum. Finally, problems related to the introduction of a cosmological constant are discussed