Multi-parameter approach to assess short-and long-term effect of olive mill waste water land spreading on soil quality

The disposal of olive mill waste water (OMW) represents a relevant issue in Mediterranean countries, where the production of olive oil is large and concentrated in a short-lasting period. OMW can be used as an organic amendment in cultivated soils due to its high content of organic compounds and plant mineral nutrients. Therefore, OMW field spreading may represent a low cost and a contribution to crop irrigation in arid or semiarid climatic conditions. However, from an environmental point of view, the chemical composition of OMW might cause soil and/or water contamination