Review of the untapped potentials of antimicrobial materials in the construction sector

Damage caused by microbes results in compromised structural integrity. One key example is that of microbiologically induced concrete corrosion (MICC) due to the bacteria in concrete sewerage pipes which leads to reduced lifespan of sewer pipes. Antimicrobial materials provide a biocidal approach for eradicating the microbes either by inhibiting their growth, or by actively killing them. An ideal antimicrobial material should possess qualities such as sustainability, durability, eco-friendliness, economic viability to avoid the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The literature covering these topics vital to the construction sector is rather scarce. Therefore, this review paper summarises various types of antimicrobial materials currently used in the construction sector detailing their mode of biocidal activity, and their application in structures. This paper also addresses recent developments, and future scope that may aid in employing antimicrobial material in the construction sector, particularly to benefit plumbing and sanitation used in hospitals and high traffic areas and public places including airports, schools, and other educational establishments. Overall, the study draws attention to newer antimicrobial mechanisms and provides recommendations for developing new, efficient antimicrobial materials that can provide sustainability and a safe environment to the construction sector