The Analysis of the Key Factors of Sustainability Green Business in Indonesia, Taiwan and USA

[[abstract]]過去二十年來，永續發展之知識已經廣為被探討。世界各地之企業多已將環境議題視為企業社會責任之一。但是，對某些企業而言，環保僅是將生產過程處理恰當，不造成汙染，卻非有系統性的轉型成綠色企業。現在的市場已經促使企業得思考永續發展，也造就了經濟模式的改變，由傳統顧客導向轉為環境永續導向。這種全球化的永續運動中促使企業必須在創造出環境保護策略之同時也能提升自我之競爭力。決定永續綠色產業之發展方向必須仰賴於找出適合之關鍵因素。許多因素都可以影響企業之發展與效能，但是辨識出直接與間接之因素是學理中的關鍵。因此，本研究旨在探討永續綠色企業之主要關鍵因素。探索文獻探討過之相關因素與本研究挑選出之最為關鍵因素，達可成為綠色企業之推動力，譬如:綠色科技、內需能力、供應鏈、企業投資、綠色企業社會責任與風險管理等。每個影響綠色永續的主關鍵因素下皆有五個次要因素。為得到更廣泛的成果，本研究比較了美國、台灣與印尼之綠色企業，評估出已開發國家與開發中國家最適合之關鍵因素。尋求建立一套有效能且有效率的評選因素方法論，以幫助現今企業在發展永續綠色企業時可遵循的方向。本研究透過問卷並利用層級分析與模糊層級分析法，找出永續綠色企業之因素。由三個國家中之專家回覆問卷數共有兩百五十份。結果顯示無論在新興國家、發展中國家或開發中國家，風險管理為發展永續綠色企業之主要關鍵因素。模糊層級分析結果亦呼應風險管理在發展永續綠色企業之重要性。次要因素，已開發國家必須重視訓練與資訊系統，而開發中國家需著眼於綠色行銷。因此，綠色企業必須將永續發展、市場聲望、效能定位為投資人評估的重要指標。本研究之貢獻在於比較已開發國家與開發中國家之企業，提供實證研究，找出永續綠色企業之關鍵因素。[[abstract]]Knowledge about the need for sustainable development has been widely established and promoted in the last two decades. Awareness of the surroundings in business practices has become a central issue in company social responsibility (CSR) for globalization. Unfortunately, for some businesses it’s a process of handling products, instead of towards systemic change in green business. Nowadays market is demanding that a sustainable business climate to be improve. This leads to an economic paradigm shift, from conventional consumerism to a more environmentally friendly on sustainable technology. A global movement for sustainability has driven businesses to be more creative in strategies to save the environment, while at the same time forcing them to build competitive advantagesTo make a decision on developing the sustainable green business to promote industrial growth, the best matched factors and parameters of sustainable green business need to be identified. Many factors influence green business development and efficiency, but it is unclear which factors have direct impact and which factors have indirect effects, and which factors become a key issue for whole knowledge-based green business. This dissertation aims to explore the primary factors of sustainable green business. All the relevant factors mentioned from the literature reviews and selected the most significant factors that could drive green business, such as green technology, infrastructure competencies, supply chain, business investment, green CSR and risk management.Then, five sub-factors were chosen from literature reviews relevant to each major factor that could influence the green sustainability. For multiple culture of national analysis, this research compares green business of the United States, Taiwan and Indonesia (three countries). Then evaluate the best matching factors for sustainable green business practice in developed and developing countries. Comparing peers is a technique to underpin an effective and efficient method to improve the current business and to provide useful insights for establishment and development of the sustainable green business. The methodology used are analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) in this dissertation to do practice, To determine and identify the factors of sustainable green businesses using one questionnaire for collection sampling approach. There are 250 respondents with questionnaires from three countries. The results shows risk management is the most important key factor of sustainable green business for developed and emerging market or developing countries. The results of FAHP also show the same consistent result which shows that risk management still the most important factor for sustainable green business. From the sub factors aspect, develop countries show that training system and information system is the key to sustainable green business, however developing countries shows that green marketing is the most important factor for green business. Consequently, green business can enhance sustainable, well known for the market, effective and has a role as a platform for multi-stakeholders. The main contribution is to create academic model based with literature; theoretical and empirical study that compares developed and developing countries on key factors of the sustainable green business