Effects of Pickleball Intervention on the Self-Esteem and Symptoms of People with Schizophrenia

[[abstract]]研究背景：思覺失調症被世界衛生組織歸於全球醫療經濟負擔十大疾病之一，此病症複雜，患者易有低自尊與身心問題，研究指出運動對身心與認知有成效，相關研究也發現匹克球對身心有益。然未有匹克球運動介入思覺失調症的實證研究，因此，本研究旨在探討匹克球運動介入思覺失調症住民之自尊與症狀改善之成效。研究方法：本研究為?實驗研究設計，於某長照機構與某醫院進行收案。依不同機構分兩組：實驗組進行九週，每週 3次，每次 90 分鐘的匹克球運動介入；對照組則無。介入前與結束後進行問卷收集; 實驗組每週課程實施丁克球測驗。問卷有自尊感量表和簡式健康量表。統計則採描述性統計、魏克生符號檢定、曼惠特尼檢驗及組合直方圖數據分析。研究結果：魏克生符號檢定和曼惠特尼檢驗結果顯示實驗組在運動介入後，在自尊感量表與簡式健康量表數據上無顯著差異;但實驗組丁克球測驗的直方圖表格，顯示個別受試者之擊球數都有往上升。研究結論：匹克球運動介入思覺失調症住民之自尊與症狀之成效雖無顯著相關。然實驗組之丁克球測驗數據具進步明顯，未來匹克球運動有機會成為緩解相關病症之方式，未來仍需?多相關研究來證實。[[abstract]]Background: World Health Organization classifies schizophrenia as one of the top ten diseases with a medical burden on the global economy. This disease is complex, and patients are prone to low self-esteem with physical and mental problems. Studies have shown that exercise is valid for body, mind, and cognition. However, there is no empirical study of the pickleball intervention on schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of pickleball intervention on the self-esteem and symptoms of people with schizophrenia.Method: This study was designed as experimental research, and all volunteers were selected from a long-term care institution and a hospital. The study divided volunteers into two groups according to different institutions: the experimental group was given a 90-minute pickleball exercise, three times a week for nine weeks; the control group had no intervention. Questionnaires were collected before and after the intervention; the experimental group was given a Dink ball test every week. Questionnaires include Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Brief Symptom Rating Scale. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and histogram data analysis were used for statistics.Results: The results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney test showed that after pickleball intervention, the experimental group had no significant difference in the data of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Brief Symptom Rating Scale; but the histogram table of the Dink test in the experimental group showed that the batting records of the individual subjects were all increased a lot. Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between the self-esteem and symptom efficacy of pickleball intervention in schizophrenia residents. However, the Dink ball test data in the experimental group has improved significantly. In the future, the pickleball invention may become a way to ease related diseases, and more relevant studies are needed to confirm in the future