Study on the Influencing Factors of Energy Consumption of Nearly Zero Energy Residential Buildings in Cold and Arid Regions of Northwest China

There are many factors influencing the energy consumption of buildings in complex working conditions. In order to study the factors influencing the energy consumption of residential buildings with nearly zero energy in cold and arid regions of northwest China, factors such as the roof heat transfer coefficient (KR), exterior wall heat transfer coefficient (KE), ground heat transfer coefficient (KG), exterior window heat transfer coefficient (KEW), north window wall ratio (WWRN), south window wall ratio (WWRS), east west window wall ratio (WWRWE), building orientation (BO), and ventilation times (VT) are taken as the influencing factors in this paper. Using the orthogonal test, 135 building energy consumption calculation models were built in DeST, and the influence of 9 factors on building energy consumption in 5 types of regions (severe cold region A (1A), severe cold region B (1B), severe cold region C (1C), cold region A (2A), and cold region B (2B)) were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: in the process of realizing nearly zero energy of residential buildings in the cold and arid regions of northwest China, the KR, KE, KG, KEW, WWRN, WWEWE should be reduced as much as possible in the five regions. The 1A,1B,1C regions should increase WWEWE and VT, with BO of about 15° east of due north and VT of about 5, 8, and 10 times per hour, respectively. The WWES, BO and VT for the 2A region should be set at round 0.45, north-south, and about 10 times per hour, respectively. For the 2B region, WWES should be set at around 0.45, BO around 15° east of due north, and VT as low as possible within the scope of the ‘technical standard for nearly zero energy buildings’