As part of safety studies for nuclear reactors, numerical simulators are essential for understanding, modelling and predicting physical phenomena. However, the information on some of the input variables of the simulator is often limited or uncertain. In this framework, Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) aims at determining how the variability of the input parameters affects the value of the output or the quantity of interest. The work carried out in this thesis aims at proposing new statistical methods based on dependence measures for GSA of numerical simulators. We are particularly interested in HSIC-type dependence measures (Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion). After Chapters 1 and 2 introducing the general context and motivations of t...