INDOOR EXPLOSIONS CAUSED BY FIRES

Republika Hrvatska jedna od zemalja koja je svake sezone pogođena sa velikim brojem velikih požara otvorenog prostora, najviše na području jadranske obale, te većim brojem požara otvorenog prostora tijekom proljetnih mjeseci kada se pali raslinje. Iako požari zatvorenog prostora uobičajeno nisu velikog obujma kao požari otvorenog prostora, oni predstavljaju svoje izazove pogotovo unutar tvorničkih ili velikih stambenih objekata. Ti izazovi su opasnosti kojima su izloženi vatrogasci koji vrše navalu unutar objekta, te koji moraju vršiti spašavanje osoba koje se nalaze unutar objekta zahvaćenog požarom. Statistički gledano, prema izvješću Javne vatrogasne postrojbe Karlovac za 2021. Godinu, najviše je bilo požara dimnjaka. Od 2018. pa do 2021. godine, najviše intervencija je bilo tehničke naravi, osim 2019. godine kada je bilo više požarnih intervencija. Kod požara zatvorenog prostora veliku opasnost za ljudske živote te okolne objekte predstavljaju eksplozije koje mogu biti uzrokovane požarima ali mogu i uzrokovati požare. U zatvorenom prostoru lakše dolazi do gomilanja smjesa plinova koji mogu tvoriti eksplozivnu smjesu, ali i zbog toga što se u određenim tvorničkim objektima odvijaju različiti procesi u prisutnosti eksplozivnih ili zapaljivih tvari i sredstava. Zbog samog procesa eksplozije kod kojeg dolazi do naglog oslobađanja velike količine energije, udarnog vala i leta krhotina, opasnost po ljudski život i materijalnu štetu je velika, a najbolja šansa od zaštite leži u preventivnim mjerama i stabilnim sustavima koji nastoje spriječiti razvijanje požara u početnim fazama požara.The Republic of Croatia is one of the countries which is seasonally affected by a high number of large scale open fires, most often on the territory of the Adriatic coast. In addition, there is a high number of open fires during spring time when people set vegetation fields on fire. Even though indoor fires are not as big as outdoor fires, indoor fires present their own set of challenges, especially inside factories and large residential buildings. Those challenges are dangers which the firefighters face when they conduct firefighting operations inside the buildings, and who must conduct rescue operations of the individuals stranded inside these buildings. Statistically, according to the report of the Karlovac Fire Department for 2021., the most frequent were chimney fires. Between 2018. and 2021., the most frequent were technical interventions, with exception to 2019. when fire interventions were more frequent. With indoor fires, explosions present a big threat to human life and surrounding structures. Explosions can be caused by fires, but can also cause fires. In closed spaces, it is easier for gasses to amass, which can create an explosive mixture. In addition, in factories, various manufacturing processes take place in presence of explosive or flammable items. Due to the nature of explosions, which release a large amount of energy, shockwave and cause flying fragments, the danger to human life and material damage is great. The best way to protect from explosions and fires is to prevent them from occurring in the first place through application of safety measures that prevent them and using stable systems which stop the fire from growing in early stages