National audienceThe aim of this lecture was first to explore the issues around the figure of the superhero – its origins, definition, and its status in academia – and to expose the relation between the representation of superheroes and American national identities. The lecture then consisted in a diachronic analysis of emblematic superheroes (in novels, comics, and movies) in relation to the major conflicts involving the United States in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, conflicts which redefined American identities (the First and Second World Wars, the Vietnam war, and the ‘war on terror’). The following works were mentioned: A Princess of Mars, Edgar Rice Burroughs, 1912 ; Captain America Comics #1, Joe Simon, Jack Kirby, 1941 ; ...