Topographic map updating using raster based datasets

Aerial images from conventional aerial photogrammetry technique has been used to produce photogrammetric map. Topographic map updating is necessary when there are changes on the ground surface. The Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) policy states that topographic map scale of 1:50000 and 1:10000 need to be updated in three, five and ten years for urban, developed and rural area respectively especially for man-made features and infrastructures. Updating topographic map using conventional aerial photogrammetry is tedious, timely and costly. However this problem could be solved using other data sources. The aim of this research is to update the 1:10000 topographic map in the area of study using WorldView-3 satellite imaging, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The study was conducted in Putrajaya where certain areas that required updates on the existing topographic map published in 2012 were identified. The assessment for coordinate and orthometric height were carried out by calculating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for each component. Comparison between orthometric heights showed the RMSE of ±0.320 m and ±1.323 m for difference between check points (CP) and UAV and difference between SAR and UAV, respectively. The RMSE values for the planimetric coordinates differences between conventional aerial photogrammetry and CP, UAV and CP and WorldView-3 and CP were ±1.112 m, 0.892 m and 1.160 m, respectively. Lower RMSE indicated higher accuracy. In terms of cost and time comparison, UAV showed cost effectiveness in data acquisition and processing. All data sets were in compliance with large scale topographic map updating in accordance with DSMM’s Quality Management System Profile MS ISO 9001:2015. The study indicates that UAV is the most economical tool to be used in updating a small area