Ethical Issues in Revelation

The Apocalypse can be considered a theology of power. This article discusses seven ethical issues related to the use and abuse of dele-gated power/authority (exousia). First and foremost, delegated authority is a relational term with dual-directional aspects. It implies that both humans and heavenly beings are morally responsible creatures. Second, this responsibility includes God-given basic human rights: life, freedom, and dignity. Embedded in these basic rights is resistance when one is confronted by unjust authority. Third, our personal freedom comes with discernment. Humans and heavenly beings are all created by God as free moral agents. Fourth, a seven times reoccurring Greek noun for patient endurance (hupomone) that signifies an active virtue, a courageous perseverance and persistence that cannot be shaken by fear or evil or danger. The fifth ethical issue is unity. In Revelation two opposing powers (good and evil) aim at unity for two completely different reasons and using contrary means. The sixth issue is therefore influence. The seventh ethical is-sue is the certainty of final victory that offers a theology of hope and rewards in every chiastic unit of the Apocalypse