Relationship between the visual evaluation of pathology visibility and the physical measure of low contrast detail detectability in neonatal chest radiography

Introduction: The detectability of low contrast detail (LCD) is a method used to assess image quality (IQ) in neonatal radiography; however, there is a lack of data on the relationship between LCD detectability and visual IQ. The study aims at investigating the relationship between the LCD detectability and visual IQ and pathology visibility (PV). Methods: Several acquisition parameters were employed to obtain a group of images from a neonatal Gammex chest phantom. Three observers applied relative visual grading analysis (VGA) for assessing the IQ and PV. A simulated pneumothorax visibility (PNV) and simulated hyaline membrane disease visibility (HMV) represented PV. Next, a CDRAD 2.0 phantom was radiographed utilising the same acquisition protocols, and several paired images were obtained. With the use of CDRAD analyser software, the detectability of LCD was assessed and expressed by an image quality figure inverse (IQFiinv) metric. The correlation between the IQFinv and each of IQ, PNV and HMV was examined. Results: The physical measure (IQFinv) and the visual assessment of IQ were shown to be strongly correlated (r = 0.95; p < 0.001). Using Pearson's correlation, the IQFinv, PNV, and HMV were found to be strongly correlated (r = 0.94; p < 0.001) and (r = 0.92; p < 0.001), correspondingly. Conclusion: Results of the study show that physical measures of LCD detectability utilising the CDRAD 2.0 phantom is strongly corelated with visual IQ and PV (PNV and HMV) and can be used to evaluate IQ when undertaking neonatal chest radiography (CXR). Implications for practice: This study establishes the feasibility of utilising the physical measure (IQFinv) and the CDRAD 2.0 phantom in routine quality assurance and neonatal CXR optimisation studies