Morphodynamics of a biconcave red blood cell and a vesicle fusion.

(A) Biconcave morphology at equilibrium (5 × 104 iterations). Insert: down-sized side view. The size of the simulated cell is comparable to the typical size of a red blood cell at 6−8μm in width. See also S1 Video. (B) Vesicle fusion at three stages. 5 × 104 iterations at equilibirum stage. See also S2 Video. (C) Number of remeshing for geometry- (Geo) and free energy- (FE) based method performing vesicle fusion. (D) Standard deviation of coordinates of remeshing events for Geo- and FE- based method for 2 × 104 iterations. See also S3 Video.